Chandigarh

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The first planned city of post independent India; Chandigarh is a Union Territory and serves as the twin capital for Punjab and Haryana. The city was also declared as the cleanest city in India by a government survey. It attracts many tourists especially for its gardens. Some places of attraction in Chandigarh are Rock Garden, Rose Garden, Sukhna Lake, and Leisure Valley, etc. Chandigarh has been the birth place of many luminaries such as Milkha Singh, Kapil Dev, Abhinav Bindra and Kirron Kher to name a few.

Chandigarh (/ˌtʃʌndɪˈɡɑːr/; local pronunciation: [tʃə̃ɳˈɖiːɡəɽʱ] is a city, district and union territory in India that serves as the capital of the two neighbouring states of Punjab and Haryana.

Chandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the north, the west and the south, and by the state of Haryana to the east. It is considered to be a part of the Chandigarh Capital Region or Greater Chandigarh, which includes Chandigarh, and the city of Panchkula (in Haryana) and cities of Kharar, New Chandigarh, Mohali, Zirakpur (in Punjab). It is located 260 km (162 miles) north of New Delhi and 229 km (143 miles) southeast of Amritsar.

Population

As of 2011 India census, Chandigarh had a population of 1,055,450,[1][2] making for a density of about 9,252 (7,900 in 2001) persons per square kilometre.[49][50]

Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. The sex ratio is 818 females for every 1,000 males.[4] The child sex ratio is 880 females per thousand males. Chandigarh has an effective literacy rate of 86.77% (based on population 7 years and above), higher than the national average; with male literacy of 90.81% and female literacy of 81.88%.[4] 10.8% of the population is under 6 years of age.[4] The population of Chandigarh forms 0.09 per cent of India in 2011.[2]

There has been a substantial decline in the population growth rate in Chandigarh, with just 17.10% growth between 2001 and 2011. Since, 1951–1961 the rate has decreased from 394.13% to 17.10%. This is probably because of rapid urbanisation and development in neighbouring cities.[51] The urban population constitutes as high as 97.25% of the total and the rural population makes up 2.75% as there are only a few villages within Chandigarh on its Western and South-Eastern border and the majority of people live in the heart of Chandigarh.